Coca Cola History..

http://www.knet.co.za/cocacola/history.htm

 

[Home]

The story begins in Atlanta, Georgia on May 8, 1886, when a pharmacist called Dr John Smith Pemberton first mixed Coca-Cola in his back yard. The formula, which was made from carbonated water, cane sugar syrup, caffeine, extracts of Kola nuts and cola leaves, was brought to the nearby Jacobs' Pharmacy where it made its debut as a soft drink the same day, selling for only 5 cents. His bookkeeper named this drink "Coca-Cola" after the first two ingredients. And the same distinctive script he wrote it in, is the same logo they use to this day.

 

In January 1893 Coca-Cola was registered with the U.S. patent office. Later on in 1915 the Root glass company created the famous contour glass bottle for Coca-Cola in 1915. In 1917 Coca-Cola was found to be the world's most recognized trademark with a record of 3 million Coke's sold per day. Unfortunately, John Pemberton fell ill, and did not live to see his product’s success.

. Sadly, in the first year of Coke’s existance, Pemberton and his partner only made $50. Pemberton sold two-thirds of his business in 1888 to cover his losses and keep the business afloat. He died later that year, and Mr Asa Candler, an Atlanta druggist, purchased total interest in Coca-cola for an unbelievable $2 300 in 1891. In 1891, Candler and his brother formed the Coca-Cola Company.

 

In 1893 Candler registered Coca-Cola as a patented trademark. He also responded to growing concerns over the dangers of cocaine by reducing the amount of coca in the drink to a trace. However, he kept some coca extract in Coca-Cola so the name would accurately describe the drink. Candler only had a patent on the name, and not the drink syrup-that is, the drink's base, containing all the ingredients minus the carbonated water. He figured that keeping the coca in his formula would legally allow the company to distinguish its drink from imitations. Other companies also produced soda drinks made with kola nut extracts. In particular, the Pepsi-Cola Company and its cola of the same name would become Coca-Cola's major competitor over the next few decades. Candler also spent more than $11,000 on his first massive advertising campaign in 1892. The Coca-Cola logo appeared across the country, painted as a mural on walls; displayed on posters and soda fountains where the drink was served; and imprinted on widely marketed, common household items, such as calendars and drinking glasses. In addition, Candler was the first person ever to use coupons to gain customers for a product. He distributed flyers offering free soda fountain glasses of Coca-Cola to people visiting his drugstore. In 1894 the Coca-Cola company opened its first Coke syrup production plant outside of Atlanta, in Dallas, Texas. That same year a candy store owner in Vicksburg, Mississippi, installed bottling machines and produced the first bottled Coke. It had previously been sold only at soda fountains. By 1895 the drink was sold in all U.S. states and territories. In 1899 lawyers Benjamin Thomas and Joseph Whitehead of Chattanooga, Tennessee, bought the exclusive rights to distribute Coke syrup to bottlers throughout most of the country for only one dollar. At the time, Candler saw little profit in bottling, and was more than willing to give up that part of the business. In 1915 the Root Glass Company created a contour glass bottle for Coke, its design based on the curvature of a coca bean. This bottle design became a Coke trademark worldwide. The same year, Candler retired from the company, passing it on to his children and moving into politics. He was elected mayor of Atlanta in 1916. In 1919 the Candler family sold Coca-Cola to businessman Ernest Woodruff of Columbus, Georgia, for $25 million. Woodruff's son, Robert, was elected company president in 1923. Robert Woodruff was a skilled marketer, and he put more of the compancompany's resources into market research than into manufacturing Coke. Two new Coke slogans were developed under Woodruff: "The Pause that Refreshes" (1929) and "It's the Real Thing" (1941).

 

During World War II (1939-1945), Woodruff also boosted Coke's popular image in the United States by pledging that his company would provide Coke to every U.S. soldier. The company did not limit itself, however, to only doing business that would increase its success in America. In the period leading up to the war, between 1930 and 1936, it had set up a division of the company in Germany, and it continued that venture during the war. It recreated its image as a German company and allowed the Germans to produce all but two, secret, Coca-Cola ingredients in their own factories.

In 1941 the German company's president, Max Keith, developed Fanta orange soda using orange flavoring and all the German-made Coke ingredients. The Coca-Cola Company's wartime efforts helped it expand its global market, often with the economic support of the U.S. government. By the end of the war in 1945, it had established 64 overseas bottling plants. That same year the company registered a patent on Coca-Cola's popular nickname, Coke.

 

In 1955 Robert Woodruff retired as the Coca-Cola Company's president. Candler and Woodruff are remembered as the two most important figures in the company's early growth, both for their contributions to the company and their considerable fortunes donated to the city of Atlanta. After Woodruff's departure, the company began to diversify by producing new products, acquiring new businesses, and entering new international markets. In 1960 the Coca-Cola Company purchased the Minute Maid Corp., producer of fruit juices, and began offering Coke in cans. Between 1960 and 1963 it also launched four new soft drinks in the United States: Fanta, an orange soda; Sprite, a lemon-lime soda; Tab, a diet cola; and Fresca, a diet grapefruit-flavored soda. In 1964 the company acquired the Duncan Foods Corp. In 1967 it created the Coca-Cola Foods Division by merging its Duncan and Minute Maid operations.

In the late 1960s, Coca-Cola faced difficulties in some of its foreign markets. When the company built a bottling plant in Israel at the outset of the Arab-Israeli War, the governments of all Arab League nations banned the production and sale of Coke. A year later the company withdrew from its markets in India when that country's government requested that Coca-Cola reduce its equity in joint ventures to 40 percent. The company refused to relinquish so much control over those operations. In 1977 Coca-Cola began packaging Coke and other drinks in two-liter plastic bottles. The popularity of these large bottles grew over time, and their sales earned the company new profits, primarily in small specialty and convenience stores. In 1982 the company introduced Diet Coke, which soon became the best-selling diet soft drink in the world.

 

Also in 1982 Coca-Cola purchased the motion-picture company Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., also known as Tri-Star Pictures, for almost $700 million. Two years later, the company sold off its Columbia holdings and other media aquisitions to Sony Corporation for over $1.5 billion. By 1984 Pepsi-Cola had gained on Coke's previous domination of the U.S. market to the point that the two had almost equal sales. In an attempt to regain market dominance, the company attempted the first-ever revision of the original Coke recipe. The American public largely rejected New Coke, and so the company quickly returned to also producing the old recipe under the name Coca-Cola Classic.

In 1986 The Coca-Cola Company consolidated all of its nonfranchised U.S. bottling operations as Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc. The new company began acquiring independent bottling companies, a venture that grew into the world's largest bottler of soft drinks by 1988. While Coca-Cola Enterprises distributes over half of all Coca-Cola products in the United States, small franchise businesses continue to bottle, can, and distribute the company's drinks worldwide.

In 1987 the Coca-Cola Company was listed in the prestigious Dow Jones Industrial Averages index of stock market performance. Its stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo products occupied nine of the top ten spots in the U.S. soft drink market in the mid-1990s. Worldwide, Coca-Cola ranked first in soft drink sales, and the company earned almost 80 percent of its profits from international sales.

[History][Slogans][Products][Facts][Secret][Gallery]

 

All Coca-Cola Company trademarks and logos used in this site, are property of the Coca-Cola company.   Coca-Cola companies rights are reserved.  I am no way affliated with the Coca-Cola Company.  This site was designed for educational purposes only.

민노당의 철도 무임승차권 반납 기사에 부쳐..

"권리를 포기하다" 와 "권리를 제한하다"는 다른 것이다.

국회의원들에게 있다는 철도 무임승차권의 법적 효력이 철도공사의 민영화로 없어졌다는 점에서 일단 민노당의 "준법정신"에는 별다른 유감이 없다.

한데 이것을 국회의원의 특권으로 몰고가는 방식에는 문제가 있다.
당장은 정치적 의미가 있을지 몰라도, 이건 좀 아니다.

월급을 안 받겠다는 대학총장, 세비를 사회환원하겠다는 국회의원, 그들이야 말로 사실 돈으로 정치하는 사람들이 아닐까? 청렴성의 기준이 그런 것이어서 기초단체 의원들은 돈이 없어서 무슨 의정활동이라고 할 것도 못한다. 동네 주유소 사장, 무슨 무슨 유지들이 그런 기초의회 선거에 나가는 이유는 일단 돈은 좀 챙겨놨고 말 그대로 명예를 얻기 위함이다. 그 명예가 언젠가 돈으로 다시 바뀔 것이라는 전제하에.

다시 돌아가 보자면, 국회의원이 열심히 활동한다면, 그가 가진 권리를 확대하거나 해도 문제가 안된다. 여기에 현실적인 문제가 있다. 그런 국회의원을 찾아 볼 수 없으니까. 반면 민노당 의원들의 경우 전국구 중심이니 오히려 전국적인 활동영역을 확보하는 것이 급선무 아닌가?

어쨌든 나는 과잉된 과시적 청렴주의 혹은 권리 포기주의는 문제라고 본다. 일을 하게하고 할 수 있게 만들어주는 것은 중요한 일이 아닌가?

물론 민노당이 장애인들에 대한 무임승차 확대를 언급한 것은 매우 바람직하다. 그런데 이것도 국회의원 몇명이 무임승차 안한다고 얻어질 수는 없지 않은가? 더구나 민영화된 것이라면 법적 구속력도 없을 것이고. 서로 다른 문제의 과도한 논리적 연결이다. 모든 사람들에게 추가비용을 지불하게하고 장애인을 무료로 탑승시킨다는 논리와 얼마나 다른 것인지 모르겠다. 현실적으로 소득세를 제외한 소비세 중심의 제도는 어떤측면에서 전면 수정이 필요한 것 아닌가? 검약 검소의 청교도적 윤리는 나를 불편하게 한다.

왜 그들의 권리를 포기하는 방식으로 이슈 메이킹을 해야만 했을까?
뭐 권리가 더이상 법적으로 될 수 없다니 이것도 논리상으론 말이 안되는 비판이겠지만, 그래도 묘한 딜레마가 겹쳐져 있는 것은 사실이다.